IPC - the conglomerate that bought out woman Magazine, near to a
full monopoly at the time; also could be seen as horizontal integration so owning things within the same sector.
Concentration in the media industries leads to a boring product; the theory by Curran and Seaton states that the media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power; that we need smaller creators to create more varied and diverse media productions.
IPC's website states "40 plus, mass market" they're deliberately presenting boring and repetitive things; calling the audience basic and simple.
- "In beauty it means the sheer cosmetic wizardry that clever girls like models use to look-well, frankly, often far, far prettier than they really are" Pretty much tells the audience they're ugly and need makeup in order to look attractive, almost telling them they're impulsive and need a miracle in order to look good through the use of the term 'A-level' which implies you need to sit an exam in order to apply this quality of makeup, to look attractive, the article being extremely limiting. The mode of address is condescending and the lexis isn't very advanced.
- "A-level girls alter their tactics, are always searching for new prettier to apply their make-up" Means that it makes the audience feel like they're doing something challenging, it's not necessary in other words. connotations of 'tactics' are as if the women wearing makeup are trying to win something, possibly lure people as if it's a trap?
- Reinforces the hegemonic and possible patriarchal standards of beauty for women.
- There is a bland and boring colour scheme, suggesting the audience are too. infers this can be for any 30/40 year old woman.
- The layout is boring and uninspiring, blocks of text being forceful and commanding towards the audience; the hypodermic needle theory, that the producers are taking their ideology and pumping it into the audience, implying the readers are stupid and easily manipulated.
- It's definitely addressed to white women, implying that only white women can be pretty, even though the magazine week after week calls their audience ugly. speaks about pinks and peachy colours.
- The magazine wouldn't stop publishing something that's trending with women, because they would lose money due to how the audience would stop reading. It doesn't publish articles about things like sport because that wouldn't make as much money.
Woman magazine 1985 advert:
- Very 80's
- Shifting ideologies can be seen from the overall style
- Cars used as an award breaking stereotypes because of how driving was more of a men's thing
- Woman magazine lost its touch, their sales dropped so they needed to find a new audience
- Rebranding emphasised by the bright colours demonstrates the new and younger demographic/audience
Key theory 13 - regulation - Sonia Livingstone and Peter Hunt:
- The BBFC, using certification to classify the audiences of films and media products.
IPSO is a form of voluntary regulation, it's a form of self-regulation. Exists mainly because of the phone hacking scandal.
The new IPSO regulations are fundamentally the same as they were before.
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