Madonna/Whore theory - Sigmund Freud
Whore - someone who accepts money for sex; has sex with lots of people; sexualised and desirable without purity
Both of these form a binary opposition;
the theory states that men define women into one of two categories: the Madonna (the women he respects and admires); and the whore (the women he is attracted to and therefore disrespects)
Anita fills both roles; identified as the perfect mother by doing all the things a mother should do to perfection, but also has sex with anyone as long as they have a code due to the 18+ program.
Nishka is a prostitute therefore falls into the whore category; Leo leaves her behind to be raped by men coming in when he could of assisted her escape earlier.
Anita and Nishka - Synthetics (robots)
Anita isn't a robot, she is a cyborg; a being that combines both mechanical and organic components. Forms a diametric opposition.
Fetish - an obsession with something non-sexual that you find attractive
"you're just a stupid machine" - Laura talking to Anita
Commodity fetishism - an intense desire/love of consumer products
Sexual fetishism - an intense desire for a certain sexual aspect
Joe : "I'm not taking it back"
Leo : "I love her... And she loves me"
Cyborg manifesto (Donna Harraway) - "By the late 20th century, our time, a mythic time, we are all chimeras, theorised and fabricated hybrids of machine and organism; in short, we are all cyborgs"
- We rely too heavily on technology
- We're controlled everyday without realising
- Society is built on technology; we can't survive without technology
- We use technology to define ourselves
Abjection - Horror at something that doesn't belong; Anita being a hegemonical beautiful woman but also being a 'dishwasher'
Gender Performativity - Judith Butler :
Abjection - Horror at something that doesn't belong; Anita being a hegemonical beautiful woman but also being a 'dishwasher'
Gender Performativity - Judith Butler :
• Identity is a performance, and it is constructed through a series of acts and 'expressions' that we perform every day.
• While there are biological differences dictated by sex, our gender is defined through this series of acts. These may include the ways we walk, talk, dress, and so on
• Therefore, there is no gender identity behind these expressions of gender
• Gender performativity is not a singular act, but a repetition and a ritual. It is outlined and reinforced through dominant patriarchal ideologies.
"We all know why you like her Crusty sheets" - Matty saying to Toby after he's been staring at her
Anita is stereotypically female as she cooks, cleans and irons; This causes distress to Laura as she feels as if she's being replaced, as if her job as a mother is being taken away from her.
Matty is a stereotypically masculine name which suggests she wants to come across as not girly along with her computer skills.
Gender fluidity is portrayed throughout the show.
Feminist theory - Lisbet Van Zoonen :
The male gaze = women as spectacle; something to be looked at; Genders are constructed differently through media products
Leo entering the brothel scene :
• While there are biological differences dictated by sex, our gender is defined through this series of acts. These may include the ways we walk, talk, dress, and so on
• Therefore, there is no gender identity behind these expressions of gender
• Gender performativity is not a singular act, but a repetition and a ritual. It is outlined and reinforced through dominant patriarchal ideologies.
"We all know why you like her Crusty sheets" - Matty saying to Toby after he's been staring at her
Anita is stereotypically female as she cooks, cleans and irons; This causes distress to Laura as she feels as if she's being replaced, as if her job as a mother is being taken away from her.
Matty is a stereotypically masculine name which suggests she wants to come across as not girly along with her computer skills.
Gender fluidity is portrayed throughout the show.
Feminist theory - Lisbet Van Zoonen :
The male gaze = women as spectacle; something to be looked at; Genders are constructed differently through media products
Leo entering the brothel scene :
Representations of Masculinity of Leo are shown through :
- Lots of pointing and assertive gestures outside with Max
- Outside a brothel which is stereotypically masculine as it involves sex and being assertive
- Leo's mask of confidence and toughness is almost slipping as he appears anxious as he enters the brothel; looks uncomfortable
- Nishka's character and actions create a diametric opposition as she is portrayed to be an aggressive woman which goes against the stereotypes of a female
- there are different ways you could look at how he treats Nishka; on the one hand he is protecting her from the people hunting her by him telling her to stay there and be sexually assaulted day after day until it's safe; but at the same time he's pretty much saying he's prioritising Mia and looking for her even though he has given Nishka false hopes
- He is walking in a determined/casual fashion; mise-en-scene of his green clothing symbolises military references, his dark hoodie may infer he's an outsider
- His aggressive actions outside of the brothel reinforce his masculinity
- he's taking charge of the situation, using the pronouns "I'll" and "We'll" suggests he is reassuring Max that everything is going to be okay, acting like a man; like a father figure
- When he enters the brothel his face infers he's disgusted, like he's uncomfortable around other girls that aren't Mia.
- When Nishka sees Leo walking towards her she clutches her breasts reinforcing her femininity but her face and behaviour changes when they get into the room, she begins to behave like a human showing emotions.
- Nishka subverts the hegemonic stereotypes of a woman by
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